The increase in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in rainfed cropping systems of the northern Great Plains has altered the delivery of ecosystem services from agricultural land. A study was conducted to quantify carbon balance of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn-soybean rotation under no-till management using eddy covariance techniques over a 3-yr period. Paired field sites with the same soil type near Mandan, ND USA were used for the study. Data from the study included fluxes of carbon dioxide and water vapor, precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation, soil temperature, soil water content, vegetation phenology, green chromatic coordinate, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, and grain yield. Data were used to generate estimates of net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, gross ecosystem production, net ecosystem carbon balance, evapotranspiration, vapor pressure deficit, relative greenness of vegetation, and carbon-, water-, and light-use efficiencies. Data are generally applicable to rainfed conditions under a semiarid Continental climate for Temvik-Wilton silt loams (fine silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic and Pachic Haplustolls) and related soil types (i.e., Grassna, Linton, Mandan, and Williams).