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Data from: Underestimation of N2O emissions in a comparison of the DayCent, DNDC, and EPIC 1 models

    Process-based models are increasingly used to study mass and energy fluxes from agro-ecosystems, including nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural fields. This data set is the output of three process-based models – DayCent, DNDC, and EPIC – which were used to simulate fluxes of N2O from dairy farm soils. The individual models' output and the ensemble mean output were evaluated against field observations from two agricultural research stations in Arlington, WI and Marshfield, WI. These sites utilize cropping systems and nitrogen fertilizer management strategies common to Midwest dairy farms.

    Data from: Gas emissions from dairy barnyards

      To assess the magnitude of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, nutrient runoff and leaching from dairy barnyards and to characterize factors controlling these fluxes, nine barnyards were built at the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center Farm in Prairie du Sac, WI (latitude 43.33N, longitude 89.71W). The barnyards were designed to simulate outdoor cattle-holding areas on commercial dairy farms in Wisconsin. Each barnyard was approximately 7m x 7m; areas of barnyards 1-9 were 51.91, 47.29, 50.97, 46.32, 45.64, 46.30, 48.93, 48.78, 46.73 square meters, respectively. Factors investigated included three different surface materials (bark, sand, soil) and timing of cattle corralling. Each barnyard included a gravity drainage system that allowed leachate to be pumped out and analyzed. Each soil-covered barnyard also included a system to intercept runoff at the perimeter and drain to a pumping port, similar to the leachate systems.

      Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Triticum aestivum (wheat straw), Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, May 2017

        Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in May 2017, assesses the maturity of *Triticum aestivum* (wheat straw), as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

        Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Herbaceous perennial grasses, Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, Mar. 2017

          Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in March 2017, assesses the maturity of *Panicum virgatum*, *Andropogon gerardii* and *Sorghastrum nutans*, as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

          Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Zea mays (corn stover), Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, Mar. 2017

            Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in March 2017, assesses the maturity of *Zea mays* (corn stover) as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

            Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem), Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, Mar. 2017

              Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in March 2017, assesses the maturity of *Andropogon gerardii* (big bluestem) as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

              Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Sorghum bicolor (sweet sorghum), Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, Mar. 2017

                Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in March 2017, assesses the maturity of Sorghum bicolor (sweet sorghum) as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

                Feedstock Readiness Level (FSRL) evaluation: Panicum virgatum (switchgrass), Alcohol-to-Jet, Central East, Mar. 2017

                  Feedstock readiness level evaluations are performed for a specific feedstock-conversion process combination and for a particular region. FSRL evaluations complement evaluations of Fuel Readiness Level (FRL) and environmental progress. The data from this evaluation, compiled in March 2017, assesses the maturity of *Panicum virgatum* (switchgrass), as a feedstock for the Alcohol-to-Jet conversion process in the United States Central East region.

                  Effects of tannin in dairy cow diets and land application of manure on soil gas fluxes and nitrogen dynamics

                    This experiment was designed to determine if tannin concentration and nitrogen (N) content of field-applied dairy cow manure influences greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil, soil N mineralization, and plant productivity. The data presented include experimental design, soil physical characteristics, gas fluxes, soil nitrogen at 0-10 cm depth, soil nitrogen at 10-20 cm depth, chemical characteristics of dairy manure, and crop yield and biomass characteristics.