Poor nutrition and landscape changes are regularly cited as key factors causing the decline of wild and managed bee populations. However, what constitutes “poor nutrition” for bees currently is inadequately defined. Bees collect and eat pollen: it is their only solid food source and it provides a broad suite of required macro- and micronutrients. Bees are also generalist foragers and thus the different pollen types they collect and eat can be highly nutritionally variable. Therefore, characterizing the multidimensional nutrient content of different pollen types is needed to fully understand pollen as a nutritional resource. Unfortunately, the use of different analytical approaches to assess pollen nutrient content has complicated between-studies comparisons and blurred our understanding of pollen nutrient content. This dataset includes the raw data generated from each of our analyses, including pollen disruption and nutrient assays. We used our collective data to propose a unifying approach for analyzing pollen nutrient content. This will help researchers better study and understand the nutritional ecology – including foraging behavior, nutrient regulation, and health – of bees and other pollen feeders.

The first complete global landscape of regulatory elements in cattle is presented and the dynamics of chromatin states in rumen epithelial cells induced by the rumen developmental regulator - butyrate- are explored.

Several USDA food composition databases, including the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), Standard Reference (SR) Legacy, and the USDA Branded Food Products Database, have transitioned to FoodData Central, a new and harmonized USDA food and nutrient data system. FoodData Central will also include expanded nutrient content information never before available, as well as links to diverse data sources that offer related agricultural, food, health, dietary supplement, and other information.