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Data from: Conservation Practices Induce Tradeoffs in Soil Function: Observations from the Northern Great Plains

    Near-surface (0-5 cm) measurements of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties over a 3-yr period for contrasting long-term experimental treatments at the USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory were conducted to quantify soil property responses to crop diversity/intensity, cover crops, and livestock integration under controlled experimental conditions, and land use (dryland cropping, native grassland, untilled pasture) on working farms and ranches, all on a common soil type in southcentral North Dakota, USA.

    Irrigation Residue Removal Study for Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network and Resilient Economic Agricultural Practices in Lincoln, Nebraska

      USDA-ARS REAP Study (Ithaca, NE) - NEMEIRR Sustainable intensification of high-yielding production systems may help meet increasing demands for food, fuel, and fiber worldwide. Specifically, corn stover is being removed by producers for livestock purposes, and stover is also targeted as a primary 2nd generation biofuel feedstock. The NEMEIRR experimental objectives are to quantify how stover removal (no removal, moderate removal, high removal) and tillage management (no-till, disk) affect crop yields, soil organic carbon, soil greenhouse gas emissions, and other soil responses (microbial community structure, function; soil health). This experiment is conducted in a fully irrigated continuous corn system in the western Corn Belt, and soil and plant measurements have been taken since study establishment in 2001.

      Comparison of four extractants used in soil phosphorus and potassium testing for two soils in a corn-wheat-soybean rotation in Tennessee receiving various amounts of P and K fertilizer

        These soil samples are from field experiments initiated in 2009. There were two separate fertilizer rate trials at each location, one for P and one for K, and each was implemented in a corn-winter wheat-soybean rotation. The soils used in this study are from University of Tennessee (UT)’s Research and Education Center at Milan (35.9, -88.73333) and UT’s Highland Rim Research and Education Center at Springfield (36.466667, -86.816667).

        Data from: Mitigating nitrogen pollution with under-sown legume-grass cover crop mixtures in winter cereals

          This study was part of a cover crop-based, organic rotational no-till cropping systems experiment conducted from 2015-2017 at Pennsylvania State University’s Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center in Rock Springs, PA, USA, employing a corn (*Zea mays* subsp. mays L.), soybean (*Glycine max* (L.) Merr.), spelt (*Triticum spelta* L.) rotation that is typical for feed and forage farmers in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Data include: Nitrate leaching from anion resin bags; Nitrous oxide fluxes from static chambers and isotopomers; Soil inorganic N including ammonium and nitrate; Soil moisture and temperature; Cover crop biomass as well as carbon and nitrogen content and nitrogen isotope ratios; Cash crop yields.

          Data from: Agro-environmental consequences of shifting from nitrogen- to phosphorus-based manure management of corn.

            This experiment was designed to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and related agronomic characteristics of a long-term corn-alfalfa rotational cropping system fertilized with manure (liquid versus semi-composted separated solids) from dairy animals. Different manure-application treatments were sized to fulfill two conditions: (1) an application rate to meet the agronomic soil nitrogen requirement of corn (“N-based” without manure incorporation, more manure), and (2) an application rate to match or to replace the phosphorus removal by silage corn from soils (“P-based” with incorporation, less manure). In addition, treatments tested the effects of liquid vs. composted-solid manure, and the effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The controls consisted of non-manured inorganic N treatments (sidedress applications). These activities were performed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons as part of the Dairy Coordinated Agricultural Project, or Dairy CAP, as described below. The data from this experiment give insight into the factors controlling GHG emissions from similar cropping systems, and may be used for model calibration and validation after careful evaluation of the flagged data.