This dataset consists of agronomic calendars for 15 seasons of sorghum [*Sorghum bicolor* (L.)] grown for grain or forage at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL) in 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993, 1997 through 1999, 2003 through 2007, 2014, and 2015. Depending on experimental objectives, sorghum was grown on one, two, or four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field. In 2002, 2010, and 2012, cotton was grown on two large, precision weighing lysimeters and their surrounding 4.44 ha square fields. In 2003 and 2004, sorghum was grown on only one large weighing lysimeter in rotation with cotton. The entire datasets for individual season years consist of soil water content, weather, crop growth and yield, agronomic calendar, water balance (evapotranspiration, precipitation, dew/frost, irrigation), and lysimeter energy and water balance data.

This dataset consists of growth and yield data for upland cotton [*Gossypium hirsutum* (L.)] grown for lint and seed at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL) in 2000 through 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2020 on up to four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field similarly cropped. Crops were grown variously under irrigated, deficit irrigated, and dryland conditions. The datasets for individual season years consist of soil water content, weather, crop growth and yield, agronomic calendar, water balance (evapotranspiration, precipitation, dew/frost, irrigation), and lysimeter energy and water balance data. Water management treatments ranged from irrigation replenishing crop water use fully every week (full) to deficit irrigations ranging down to 1/3 of full, and to dryland cropping without irrigation. Irrigation application methods included sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation. The entire datasets for individual season years consist of soil water content, weather, crop growth and yield, agronomic calendar, water balance (evapotranspiration, precipitation, dew/frost, irrigation), and lysimeter energy and water balance data. This dataset focuses on the cotton growth and yield data.

This dataset consists of agronomic calendars for 10 seasons of upland cotton [*Gossypium hirsutum* (L.)] grown for lint and seed at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory (CPRL), Soil and Water Management Research Unit (SWMRU), Bushland, Texas (Lat. 35.186714°, Long. -102.094189°, elevation 1170 m above MSL) in 2000 through 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2020, and 2021. In 2000, 2001, 2008, 2020, and 2021, cotton was grown on four large, precision weighing lysimeters, each in the center of a 4.44 ha square field. In 2002, 2010, and 2012, cotton was grown on two large, precision weighing lysimeters and their surrounding 4.44 ha square fields. In 2003 and 2004, cotton was grown on only one large weighing lysimeter in rotation with sorghum. The entire datasets for individual season years consist of soil water content, weather, crop growth and yield, agronomic calendar, water balance (evapotranspiration, precipitation, dew/frost, irrigation), and lysimeter energy and water balance data.

A network of soil moisture and soil temperature profiles as well as solar radiation and precipitation gages are distributed throughout the central region of the DelMarVa peninsula to capture variability of these parameters to give a broad understanding of agricultural conditions in this domain. Soil profile data is captured at depths of 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm below the surface and recorded hourly at locations on the edges of agricultural fields, not inside the production fields.